HEIC0719: EMBARGOED UNTIL 15:00 (CET)/09:00 AM EST 29 November 2007 http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/html/heic0719.html Photo release: Holiday Wishes from the Hubble Space Telescope 29–November 2007 Hubble has sent back an early Christmas card with this new NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope image of the nearby spiral galaxy Messier 74. It is an enchanting reminder of the impending season. Resembling glittering baubles on a holiday wreath, bright knots of glowing gas light up the spiral arms; regions of new star birth shining in pink. Messier 74, also called NGC 628, is a stunning example of a ‘grand-design’ spiral galaxy that is viewed by Earth observers nearly face-on. Its perfectly symmetrical spiral arms emanate from the central nucleus and are dotted with clusters of young blue stars. In the new Hubble image we can also see a smattering of bright pink regions decorating the spiral arms. These are huge, relatively short-lived, clouds of hydrogen gas which glow due to the strong radiation from hot, young stars embedded within them; glowing pink regions of ionized hydrogen (hydrogen that has lost its electrons). These regions of star formation show an excess of light at ultraviolet wavelengths and astronomers call them HII regions. Tracing along the spiral arms are winding dust lanes that begin very near the galaxy’s nucleus and follow along the length of the spiral arms. These spiral arms are not actually static ‘arms’ like spokes on a wheel. They are in fact density waves and move around the galaxy’s disc compressing gas – just as sound waves compress the air on Earth – creating a new generation of young blue stars. Messier 74 is located roughly 32 million light-years away in the direction of the constellation Pisces, the Fish. It is the dominant member of a small group of about half a dozen galaxies, the Messier 74 galaxy group. In its entirety, it is estimated that Messier 74 is home to about 100 billion stars, making it slightly smaller than our Milky Way. The spiral galaxy was first discovered by the French astronomer, Pierre Méchain, in 1780. Weeks later it was added to Charles Messier’s famous catalogue of deep-sky objects. Of all the objects in Messier’s catalogue, number 74 has the lowest surface brightness. It is so difficult for amateur astronomers to spot through a telescope that it has been given the nickname ‘The Phantom Galaxy’. This Hubble image of Messier 74 is a composite of Advanced Camera for Surveys’ data taken in 2003 and 2005. The filters used to create the colour image isolate light from blue, visible, and infrared portions of the spectrum, as well as emission from ionized hydrogen. A small segment of this image used data from the Canada France Hawaii Telescope/Gemini Observatory telescope to fill in a region which Hubble did not image. # # # Notes for editors The Hubble Space Telescope is a project of international cooperation between ESA and NASA. Image credit: NASA, ESA and the Hubble Heritage (STScI/AURA)-ESA/Hubble Collaboration Acknowledgment: R. Chandar (University of Toledo) and J. Miller (University of Michigan) If you wish to no longer receive these News and Photo Releases, please send an email to distribution@spacetelescope.org with your name. For more information, please contact: Lars Lindberg Christensen Hubble/ESA, Garching, Germany Tel: +49-(0)89-3200-6306 Cellular: +49-(0)173-3872-621 E-mail: lars@eso.org Keith Noll Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA Tel: +1-410-338-1828 E-mail: noll@stsci.edu Ray Villard Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, USA Tel: +1-410-338-4514 E-mail: villard@stsci.edu